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CHAPTER 14, WHAT ARE LIVER, ITS PORTAL VENOUS SYSTEM, PORTAL HYPERTENSION AND GALL BLADDER?

Date -1/22/2022

[ ইংরেজীতে প্রকাশিত করা হল কিছু কিছু বাংলাদেশী বংশোদ্ভূত বিদেশে অবস্থানরত ছাত্র পাঠকেরা যারা বাংলা ভাষা পড়তে পারেনা, তাদের অনুরোধে, দুখিত ]

Dear viewers,

It is written as a primary knowledge for the students who are interested in studying medical sciences.

It may be somewhat useful for them.

Today we are discussing about the organ Liver, gall bladder, and their functions.

Please open the You Tube links and figure links to understand clearly.

What is the gallbladder and what does it do?

9 QUADRANT OF ABDOMEN-Abdominal surface anatomy,

FIGURE- 1

Source of figure- https://radiopaedia.org/articles/abdominal-surface-anatomy-2

BLOOD CIRCULATION OF BODY

FIGURE- 2

SOURCE OF FIGURE-

BLOOD CIRCULATION OF BODY-

Figure-3

ABDOMINAL BLOOD CIRCULATION\

FIGURE- 4

SOURCE OF THE FIGURE-

https://slidetodoc.com/large-blood-vessels-of-the-gut-the-coeliac/

VENOUS DRAINAGE OF LIVER, STOMACH, SPLEEN, PANCREAS, SMALL INTESTINE, AND COLON

Figure-5

Sorce of figure- ?

FIGURE-6

SOURCE OF THE YOU TUBE- Hepatic Circulation (Liver Blood Supply) – YouTube

Figure 7

SOURCE OF FIGURE-

(go through it for good picture and detail ) http://www.hpblondon.com/gallstones/

ORDINARY CAPILLARY BED OF THE BODY

SOURCE OF FIGURE- BELOW

FIGURE- 8

SOURCE OF THE FIGURE- https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-biology/chapter/blood-flow-and-blood-pressure-regulation/

FIGURE-9

YOU TUBE LINK- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mMKdUgNdhBs

Figure-10

YOU TUBE LINK- Hepatic Portal System! – YouTube (VERY IMPORTANT)

PORTAL VENOUS SYSTEM

FIGURE-11

YOU TUBE LINK-

Hepatic portal vein (anatomy) – YouTube

POTAL VENOUS SYSTEM

FIGURE-12

PORTAL VENOUS SYSTEM

FIGURE-13

Portal vein

SOURCE OF LINK – https://www.verywellhealth.com/portal-vein-anatomy-4689616 (VERY IMPORTANT)

HEPATIC PORTAL DRAINAGE-

FIGURE-14

YOU TUBE LINK- The Hepatic Portal System EXPLAINED! – YouTube

BLOOD DRAINAGE OF GASRO INTESTINAL (GI) TRACT TO LIVER THROUGH PORTAL VEIN.

FIGURE-15

You tube link– https://www.ninjanerd.org/lecture/liver-circulation-portal-hypertension

The Portal Circulation

The liver is unusual in that it has a double blood supply; the right and left hepatic arteries carry oxygenated blood to the liver, and the portal vein carries venous blood from the GI tract to the liver.

The venous blood from the GI tract drains into the superior and inferior mesenteric veins; these two vessels are then joined by the splenic vein just posterior to the neck of the pancreas to form the portal vein. This then splits to form the right and left branches, each supplying about half of the liver.
On entering the liver, the blood drains into the hepatic sinusoids, where it is screened by specialised macrophages (Kupffer cells) to remove any pathogens that manage to get past the GI defences. The plasma is filtered through the endothelial lining of the sinusoids and bathes the hepatocytes; these cells contain vast numbers of enzymes capable of braking down and metabolising most of what has been absorbed.

The portal venous blood contains all of the products of digestion absorbed from the GI tract, so all useful and non-useful products are processed in the liver before being either released back into the hepatic veins which join the inferior vena cava just inferior to the diaphragm, or stored in the liver for later use.